Final And Resource Restrictions Of Semi Inc. - 1443 Words

Hour and resource restrictions, when managed well, can make or break business productivity. Semi Inc. is a semiconductor company that faces the challenge of hour restrictions daily. We will explore this company’s process, highlight the methods they are currently using to counter this challenge and provide a solution to the challenge. Semi, Inc. was founded in Carson City, Nevada in 1978. Semi is the global leader in the semiconductor industry with more than 30,000 team members working in twenty countries. â€Å"For more than 35 years, Semi has dedicated itself to collaborating with customers and partners to engineer technology that drives innovation and transforms what’s possible (Home: About: Our Company)†. According to Semi Inc.,†¦show more content†¦D shift works during the day on Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and alternates on Wednesday. O shift works at night on Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, and alternates on Saturday. R shift works at night on Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and alternates Saturday. Semi NY breaches occur when work weeks exceed the maximum set by local law which is more than 60 hours per week, including overtime. Additionally, all workers cannot work more than six consecutive days. Unusual or emergency situations are the only time that team members are allowed to work more than 60 hours in a week and/or more than six consecutive days. They must obtain approval from their manager before they take on the additional hours or days. In order to stay at the optimum labor costs we need to not exceed 11% in overtime. Reasons for breaches may be vacation schedules and or inaccurate job schedules. Moreover, schedules are created manually, which provides more room for error. Research Objectives and Data Collection Plan In terms of research and data collection, I will use scholarly articles, internal and external documents and conduct interviews within the departments of Human Resources and Manufacturing. Additionally, I will work closely with the manufacturing managers in Process 1, Process 2, and Process 3 to research tables that show current hours required based on current staffing levels monthly. I will use Semi Catalyst software,Show MoreRelatedThe New Practice Field - Rfp Essay3254 Words   |  14 Pagesbutton, and click â€Å"OK† to refresh it automatically. 1. INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS Sports Field, Inc is seeking proposals from commercial construction contracting companies capable of designing and constructing a baseball practice field, a clubhouse and a parking area. 1.1. General Description of Work Sports Field, Inc owns a semi-pro baseball team in (Montgomery County) Houston, Texas. Sports Field, Inc. has purchased 20 acres of land and plans to build a practice field, a clubhouse and a 50 spaceRead MoreBig Data Belongs In A Warehouse Not A Silo4480 Words   |  18 PagesSilo In 2012, it was estimated, that human beings were generating around 2.5 exabytes of data every day and that number is likely even greater today (McAfee Brynjolfsson, 2012). Twitter processes on average about 5,700 tweets per second (Twitter Inc, 2013). All of this data is stored in numerous ranging traditional database tables and spreadsheets to SMS text messages, PDF files, HTML web pages and more. While the value in capturing and analyzing this data is clear, the solution is not. TraditionalRead MoreDia Communication Plan Essay6811 Words   |  28 Pagesthat will best address each factor, along with the appropriate communication medium of choice to inform each stakeholder or team member that has a concerned interest in the project; The identification of the stakeholders along with the responsible resources from where that information originates; To whom and when project information is to be delivered; The sensitivities to be identified, and finally the communication strategies th at will be the most influential to allow the DIA project to be successfulRead MoreThe Oka Crisis3539 Words   |  15 Pagesclaim before the final approval of the golf course expansion took place arguing that these plans would be taking their rightful land which included an important ancestral burial ground and sacred grove. It would also be adversely affecting important rights such as hunting and fishing. That claim would be rejected though in 1977 due to what the government claimed was a â€Å"lack of evidence for specific legal requirements.† (Swan , 2010) In 1989 the mayor of Oka Jean Oullete made the final approval whichRead More2015 Advanced Micro Devices ( Amd )8126 Words   |  33 Pagesof weak product offerings combined with the decline in PC sales that began in 2012 had crippled the company. In 2015 it publicized a strategy to gain back market share in both the processor and graphics card markets while maintaining its profitable semi-custom product line. The strate gy involved going toe to toe with Intel and NVIDIA by competing for market share in high quality products, an area in which both companies specialized. This report aims to analyze the viability of this strategy and itsRead MoreScientific Management and Human Relations Approaches in 21st Century4233 Words   |  17 Pagesorganized to accomplish specific goals. Therefore, this leads to the appearance of management and organizational behavior theory with a view to developing an organization. In which, management is the process of working with people and a variety of resources such as human, information, facilities, etc in order to achieve organizational goals while organizational behavior as J. amp; Davis, K. (1993) showed that is â€Å"the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals and groups act inRead MoreClothing Store Case Study8603 Words   |  35 Pagescalled ‘Les Etoiles de la mode’, an annual young designers award. She made a major interna tional media impact, and was the first Pakistani fashion designer who created awareness of Pakistani Fashion on the world circuit, when she finished top 3 in the final rankings amongst 22 participating countries including global fashion giants like, France, Italy, Japan, and U.S.A. A media darling of the local press, Maria B. opened her first outlet in 1998 in DHA Commercial Block, Lahore at a time when herRead MoreBangladeshs Trade Barriers in Global Perspective - a Comparative Analysis11770 Words   |  48 Pagesbenefit a nations natural and environmental resource bases, as increased trade-related fiscal revenues can provide national governments with new financial resources to support environmental protection, conservation and remediation efforts. 3. Now the natural question that strikes our mind is that how far Bangladesh has progressed in terms of reduction of trade barriers to reap the benefits of the time. You can have a look at different trade restrictions offered by Bangladesh at Annex A. The fragileRead MoreInustry Competitor Analysis-Casino Hotel7793 Words   |  32 Pagesof our industry and competitor analysis research is MGM Mirage, the second largest casino hotel operator in the world with $7.2 billion in revenues in 2008. The only company that surpasses MGM Mirage by revenue and scale is Harrah’s Entertainment Inc. with $10.8 billion in revenues in 2008. Other competitors that should be considered are Las Vegas Sands Corp. and Wynn Resorts Ltd with respectively $1.7 and almost $1 billion in revenues in 2008. Our group focused on researching the degreeRead MoreEssay on Ornge5966 Words   |  24 Pagesconsolidated financial statements include the activities of Ornge (the Organization), Ornge PEEL Ltd., 4384865 Canada Inc. (operating as Ornge Air), Orngeco, Ornge Global Real Estate Inc., Ornge Real Estate, Ornge Foundation, J Smarts and Ornge Issuer Trust. Effective January 1, 2011, Ornge resigned as a member of Orngeco and sold its interests in Ornge PEEL Ltd., and 4384865 Canada Inc. (operating as Ornge Air) to a third party for net book value which was a nominal amount. As a result, only nine months

Love Essay Topics Reviews & Guide

Love Essay Topics Reviews & Guide Love Essay Topics - the Conspiracy At various stages, a youngster attempts to learn life's lessons under her or his mother's guidance. There's always an individual in your life which you know you can trust. When you're in love with a person, you appear to forget the entire world and that one person is the sole thing worth keeping in our world. Mother's love to their son or daughter can't be compare at any love on the planet. What You Need to Know About Love Essay Topics In some instances, words aren't important. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points you can counter to your own points. Humans are full of error and frequently decide it is simpler to give up on love than struggle during the hard times. Such examples can take into consideration the contemporary and traditional examples of couples whose love made headlines throughout the world. When you need to compose an essay on lov e, all you need to do is to underline the power in making people's lives better and worthwhile. Given the large number of trouble in the society, individuals want to reexamine the worth of love in their lives and uphold it. In the modern days, they are infatuated with material things such that they forego real relationships. The issue with our world is that people don't learn to listen to one another. It's possible for you to select different facets of love and compose a research paper on the selected topic. Self-experience may be a response to this question. Persuasive essays are geared toward convincing the audience in your distinctive means of thinking. Also, to assist you in writing thisessay about love, you should think about your own thoughts about the subject. Top Choices of Love Essay Topics It's more interesting to compose an argumentative text about love. Pick the side and stick with it as you compose the paper. You must add a few keywords to the topic to be a ble to let a reader understand what you're writing about. All the data in the text ought to be checked before it is going to be shown. The Foolproof Love Essay Topics Strategy Folks appear to have neglected the value of love in everyday relations. Listed above are just a few of the beliefs about love. Thus, the essay ought to have a catchy thesis statement so the reader is compelled to read it. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. So you don't actually wish to get a topic! Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Thus, love essay isn't merely a narrative essay. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Simply take the desired science you need to compose an essay for. Nowadays Love essays have gotten so common that often it could be part of your assignment. Within this text, love means taking a difficult stand in order to defend the rights of your people. People's values have gotten so accustomed to violence and hate such they cannot provide an opportunity to love. It offers you the possiblity to reflect and show your capability to learn from your experiences. There is an enormous possibility that you do not need to reintroduce yourself they already understand who you are. All things considered, love is a luxury that cannot be afforded by the mass. On the flip side, scholars argue that love doesn't result from marriage. The creation of the most important paintings about love. The weirdest love rituals on the planet. Get the Scoop on Lov e Essay Topics Before You're Too Late Love is a particular feeling. It is the most important thing in human's life. It is diverse and it is dynamic. It is definitely one of the most powerful feelings that people can ever experience in their lives. To compose an effective essay about love, one must specify the sort of love he or she intends to concentrate on. It is clear that love can inspire us to be courageous, but nevertheless, it may also be destructive. Bear in mind that love is a deep and controversial subject, which means you must choose wisely. Friendship love knows you have someone there to speak to, especially about things which you could never tell your parents. The Key to Successful Love Essay Topics At the start, Romen won't take part in a horrendous gang-rape. Arranging the expressions and ideas is extremely essential for alove essay since it accelerates the full strategy. When you start to work on the topic the next points should be taken under consideration. To make it even more understandable a quick plot and character overview is going to be given at the start of the paper. With no hard facts to demonstrate that religion is able to help you reveal your identity it was tricky to believe her. Contrary to what most people think, it's an extra tangent of life that might or might not make matters foregoing. The society appears to be condoning divorce as opposed to putting in place measures to stop them. The present society was nurtured by violence.

Clinical Study Protocol

Question: Describe about the Clinical Study Protocol? Answer: Introduction Protocol is a type of document where it is described that by what method a clinical trial can be conducted (i.e. the designing, objectives, statistics of the trial) and also assures the well being of the subject in trial and the importance of the collected data (Perche and Torchilin, 2012). In an Institution for developing and initiating a new clinical trial certain time line is maintained-In the beginning for developing a new clinical trial the institute has to go through certain steps. Before they start the program the institute makes a committee who has to go through a pre-program stage where they has to make the conceptual paper then on that paper the protocol draft is made and the editing and format and reviewing is done by the committee members. This whole process takes a time period of around 8-10 weeks. After that the main program starts where the preparation and reviewing of the protocol is done an then the contingencies facilitation is done. After the whole matter is completed then it goes through a review process which takes few weeks and then after completing the whole process the question answer round is done so that with the whole process there is no confusion later (Iwai et al., 2011). In clinical Protocols there are certain disadvantages also like drop outs of data. If data are missing it creates a lot of problems for the protocol developers (Abrams et al., 2014). While in the processing of developing the protocol and some data goes missing then there is delay for making the protocol and it might cross the delivery time and can create lot of problems. So the data should be kept secure so that the data does not goes missing and no tampering is done with those data (Eizayaga and Waisse, 2014). Clinical Study Process Collecting Clinical Study Related information and analyzing the clinical requirements. Calculating the estimated sample size and developing the designs of the protocol. Screening the clinical sites of SFDA - approving the facilities and conducting the feasibility analysis. The clinical Protocols are finalized. The whole clinical study process is done under a certain process which starts from collecting the data for the study till finalizing the protocol. The clinical study has certain processes or steps which is necessary to cover without that the process will not be complete(Brody, 2012). In the first step all the data and information are collected and then the analyzing of those data is done to see that those data are at all required or not. Then the clinical requirements are analyzed which are required. Then the data samples are calculated and estimated which are needed for designing and developing the data. For design the protocol data are needed and those data need to be of certain sample sizes which will be a help for developing the protocol(Pagliari and Grimshaw, 2002) .For designing and developing the protocol there are certain expenses which need to be feasible for the institution because this is only the beginning and later there will be many other expenses for this protocol. For preparing the protocol the institution need to get certain approval from certain sites. The facilities which is needed for developing the protocol are need to be approved from the clinical sites and had to keep in mind that they are conducted properly(DIERCKX de CASTERL et al., 2008) . After going through all the steps then comes the last step where these protocol has to be finalized. When the making of the protocol is completed and then the review is done and it is seen that there is any error or not and after reviewing the protocol it is brought in front of all. After making it public certain question answer session is done regarding the protocol and the confusion of the public are removed (Gallin and Ognibene, 2012). Conclusion In a nutshell it can be said that protocol is a record which is maintained by every organization and like that there is a protocol for the clinical study also. These types of study procedures are recorded and detailed planning is done for conducting the study. These wholly explains the functioning that how the study will be carried out .These types of protocols are maintained in clinical institutions through which everyone has to go through. For making this type of protocols the institution has to go through certain steps. Collection and analyzing of data are done before developing and designing of the protocol after that the feasibility tests are done and at the end the protocol is finalized (Wei, 2012). References Abrams, J., Mooney, M., Zwiebel, J. and Friedman, S. (2014). Improving the Protocol Implementation Process: The National Cancer Institute's Response.Journal of Clinical Oncology, 32(23), pp.2515-2516. Brody, T. (2012).Clinical trials. London: Academic. DIERCKX de CASTERL, B., WILLEMSE, A., VERSCHUEREN, M. and MILISEN, K. (2008). Impact of clinical leadership development on the clinical leader, nursing team and care-giving process: a case study.Journal of Nursing Management, 16(6), pp.753-763. Eizayaga, J. and Waisse, S. (2014). PH-DA: a protocol for observational real-life study of homeopathic treatment of atopic dermatitis in the outpatient private and institutional setting.Homeopathy, 103(1), p.85. Gallin, J. and Ognibene, F. (2012).Principles and practice of clinical research. Amsterdam: Elsevier/AP. Iwai, A., Koga, F., Fujii, Y., Masuda, H., Saito, K., Numao, N., Sakura, M., Kawakami, S. and Kihara, K. (2011). Perioperative Complications of Radical Cystectomy After Induction Chemoradiotherapy in Bladder-sparing Protocol Against Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Single Institutional Retrospective Comparative Study with Primary Radical Cystectomy.Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 41(12), pp.1373-1379. Pagliari, C. and Grimshaw, J. (2002). Impact of group structure and process on multidisciplinary evidence-based guideline development: an observational study.Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 8(2), pp.145-153. Perche, F. and Torchilin, V. (2012). Abstract B49: Cancer cell spheroids as a model to study sequential chemotherapy protocols.Clinical Cancer Research, 18(10_Supplement), pp.B49-B49. Wei, Y. (2012). Clinical outcomes research of traditional Chinese medicineintroduce registry intensive hospital monitoring study protocol of traditiona Chinese medicine injection's safety.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.

Witness Analysis Essay Example For Students

Witness Analysis Essay 2010 HSC English Standard – Module B ‘Witness’ By Aiman Ahamad - John Book and Rachel Lapp could never have a successful permanent relationship. Do you agree? Relationships may be permanent or temporary. Different relationship will experience obstacles but may receive considerable rewards. There are many factors that can affect the relationship between people like clash of cultures, their inability to conform to alternate societies and the fundamental values upon which they base their lives. John Book and Rachel Lapp could never have a successful permanent relationship. â€Å"Witness† (1985) directed by Peter Weir. The clash of cultures between Rachel and John is a major factor that affects their relationship deeply. Their inability to conform to alternate societies is also a key factor that influences the effectiveness of their relationship, along with the fundamental values that underpin their lives. The clash between Amish pacifism and modern American societies attitude towards violence also affects their bond. These components have affected Rachel and John’s ability to have a long-lasting relationship. We will write a custom essay on Witness Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The clash of cultures is a significant component that results in the breakdown of their relationship. The way John and Rachel live is so far removed from one another that it serves as the backdrop for the film as it explores the clash of cultures. John Book is polite and respectful towards Rachel, Samuel and others. A close up was used when John sat at the same level with Samuel to reflect that he respects him. John is labelled by Eli as ‘the English’ the minute he crashes into their bird house. The car crashes to the bird house is symbolic as he crashed to the Amish community uninvited. This implies that his presence is not welcome. Rachel and Samuel look out of place when they were saying grace while John eats the hotdog looking uncomfortable. The opening of the film itself reflects this clash of culture with an extreme long shot to show the buggy holding up the lines of traffic. The clash of cultural identity between Rachel who is living in the Amish society and John who is living in modern American society is also one of the main reasons that will always affect their relationship. Rachel appears more resistant to accept modern American culture than John willing to explore the Amish culture. It is evident that the clash of cultures is a significant factor that affects John and Rachel’s relationship. ‘Barn rising’ is a major scene in which shows John trying to fit in by participating in the community activities. He also wants to demonstrate his gratitude and his kindness by participating at the barn raising. John is proving to the Amish that he is helpful. In the barn raising only John wears a white shirt, it reflects that he doesn’t belong and is different. The gender division of women doing the cooking, serving and the men doing the labor duties reflect the Amish values of the gender roles. The stolen glance between John and Rachel shows that their relationship is not welcome in the community. The use of long shot is to show the progression of the barn and prove that they are united. Rachel is impressed by John as he is exceeding the Amish expectations. Daniel is impressed by John as he proves his worth through his building prowess. The fact that John is at the highest level working on the barn scaffold shows that he’s trying to prove himself. Low angle shot is used to show that the barn is big and demonstrate their collective attitude which proves that they are unified. It is apparent that the Amish community knows about the bond between Rachel and John as the Amish woman said â€Å"Everyone has an idea about you and the Englishmen, Book†. Rachel replied â€Å"All of them charitable, I’m sure†. The Amish woman replied â€Å"Hardly any of them† to point out that Rachel and John are being inappropriate. This reflects that John presence is not welcome and is disturbing the Amish community. Rachel serves John first at the lunch table; she is deliberately disobeying the conventions of her culture. This is reflecting how she is being influenced by John’s presence and not conforming to the Amish values. Rachel is determined to not be negatively influenced by the ‘idle gossip’ about herself and John. In the final moment of the scene John is sitting on the back of the cart while the rest of the men were singing a song in German. This emphasise that he doesn’t belong. This scene exhibits John’s desperateness of trying to be accepted into the Amish community. It also reflects the growing connection of John and Rachel’s relationship as Rachel devalues her culture in order to get closer to John. Rachel’s attraction to John leaves her with an inner moral dilemma as to conform to and uphold the Amish values, or to give in to er desire and break the cultural rules and be with John. There are several scenes that reflect Rachel’s nonconformity. In the ‘Barn building’ scene where Rachel serves John first emphasise that she is breaking her cultural values in order to be close to John. There are also signs of nonconforming when Rachel r emoved her bonnet before embracing and kissing John. When Rachel dances with John to the music in the ‘breaking the rules’ scene, she is taking a large step in devaluing her culture as she dances with an ‘English man’ who is not her husband. In the ‘bathing’ scene where Rachel deliberately exposes herself to John, she is inviting him to take advantage of his attraction to her. The Amish are critical of John as he does not ‘fit in’, meaning he does not conform to the Amish ways. As John makes positive contributions within their community, he becomes more accepted. Ultimately, John cannot conform to the Amish ways permanently, so he leaves. But John tries his best to conform to the Amish ways temporary by milking the cows and engaging in daily chores and does not use violence against Schaeffer in the end in order to be accepted by the community. He also wears Amish clothes to make him more accepted physically or on the surface. He participated in barn-building and mended the bird house. Whilst John makes efforts to conform, there are significant moments when he does not. Perhaps it is these small things that create the biggest and most impenetrable barrier between John and Rachel. The moments that reflect John’s nonconformity is when he tells Samuel that playing with an unloaded gun is alright, when he becomes frustrated and fight those bullies while saying â€Å"But it is my way† to emphasise that violence is necessary and cannot conform to the Amish ways as they are pacifist. .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .postImageUrl , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:hover , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:visited , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:active { border:0!important; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:active , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Good Man Is Hard To Find The Storm EssayHe also took part in the shooting of McPhee to highlight that he is part of modern society and is a gun-wielding policeman. These crucial moments are vital in addressing John and Rachel’s lack of conformity as it emphasise the status of their relationship. These small moments are very important as it emphasise their conformity. There are scenes in the film which shows, uncomfortable moments between Rachel and John because of their clash of cultures. In the ‘hot dog scene’ the mid range shot shows Rachel and Samuel saying grace and Book looks uncomfortable because he is out of place in this situation. He knows he is doing the wrong thing. John is surprised about Rachel’s honesty and openness. He also feels uncomfortable at the end of barn raising and wearing the Amish clothes. When he was laying on the bed because of the gun wound, the Amish visited John to see how he is doing. The low angle shot of Amish looking down shows that he is uncomfortable. There are also a series of shots of John looking nervous to emphasise that he is uncomfortable in that situation. In the gun scene when Book shows Samuel the gun, John feels uncomfortable showing him the gun as John knows he’s doing the wrong thing. John also feels uncomfortable when he wears Rachel’s dead husband’s clothes. This is an example of a clash of cultures as in western society they fear death and don’t talk about them while the Amish society moan about them in the morning and move on the day after. He also feels uncomfortable at the end of barn rising when the Amish leave singing German because he doesn’t know how to sing the song and looks he doesn’t belong. This is evidence that their different cultures is a big obstacle in their relationship as they are always small moments that show that a successful relationship is not possible. In the scene ‘breaking the rules’ the use of lighting and close up is very important as it emphasise their developing relationship. This scene is very significant and romantic as Rachel broke the rules to continue to develop her relationship with Book. It begins with a high angle shot looking down at the car. The dark background contrasts with the lighting in the car makes it romantic. Rachel and Book sat very close together and they feel very comfortable sitting next to each other, the camera close-up on Rachel face looking at John emphasise Rachel passionate love of John. When John said â€Å"Well, if I am still here† Rachel’s face looks sad and disappointed and the extreme close up of Rachel face shows that she is disappointed of the prospect John not being there. As the music begins, Book’s face becomes happy. The close up in this scene is significant as Rachel is not supposed to listen to modern music. A close up of John and Rachel’s face smiling at each other, the only light in the lantern and the lyrics of the song reflects their relationship. The camera tracking of John’s actions, change of light in the background, the car light is giving an incandescent glow. It means romance, love and passion. A high angle shot showing Rachel and John, moving in and out of shadows, suggests that they are being frivolous, breaking the rules and acting like teenagers. A serious of extreme close up of their face almost kissing shows that they are in love. The use of dolly shots and moving with them to see they dance to emphasise their passionate love and growing attraction for each other. The mid range shot that shows Rachel and John being caught by Eli and the spotlight reflects that they are caught. Lighting is very significant as it emphasise that they are being caught. The fact that Rachel is listening to music means that she has broken the rules of their society. Caught in the headlight is similar to breaking the rules and getting caught. When Eli is mad at Rachel, Rachel looks at him and don’t look at John to emphasise that she is sad that she cannot be with John anymore and Book looks guilty. When Rachel was quarrelling with Eli, Rachel angrily spoke â€Å"I have done nothing wrong against the rule of the Ordnung†, and Eli responded â€Å"You bring this man to our house with his gun on his hand†. The use of no natural light, and dolly shots emphasise Eli’s concern and Rachel’s rejection. Rachel is not wearing her bonnet to emphasise that she is very relaxed with John and is rejecting her culture. This scene emphasises that Rachel has broked the rules of the Amish culture and is being caught by Eli as he is an essential obstacle that is blocking their relationship from continuing further. Rachel is being punished by her actions as she tries to secretly break the laws of the Amish community. This emphasises that their relationship is full of challenging obstacle that are deteriorating their relationship. The bathing scene is another crucial section that reflects Rachel nonconformity. Rachel deliberately exposes herself to John. She is inviting him to take advantage of his attraction to her. This scene has no dialogue; it is telling the story through their expression and acting. The opening shot sees John seeing Rachel inside the house through the window. It shows that by seeing through a window, the window symbolises that there is a barrier between them. An extreme close up of Rachel bathing sexualises her. She permits him to see her naked. She is not conforming to the Amish values and is exposing herself as the extreme close up shows that John is looking away as he doesn’t want her to get in trouble as he respects her culture. The extreme close ups of their faces shows that Rachel is upset that John doesn’t want to look at her. The next day Rachel is in the chicken coop. There is a chicken wire around the chicken coop and it makes her look angelic. John states that â€Å"If we’d made love last night, I’d have to stay† to Rachel through the chicken coop. The barrier is the chicken wire around the chicken coop that symbolises the barrier between them. It is evident that Rachel is desperate to be with John as she sacrifices her belief but John doesn’t want Rachel to be shunned as he rejects her by not looking at Rachel’s naked body. It is apparent that their relationship is breaking down as John cares too much for Rachel and is sacrificing his relationship with Rachel in order for Rachel to not get into trouble. One of the key points of distinction between John and Rachel is their views towards violence. John is violence, aggressive, carries a gun and goes around whacking people compared to the peaceful, non-violent Amish. Rachel is a pacifist as dictated by her religion â€Å"I don’t want my son spending time with a man who carries a gun and goes around whacking people†. .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 , .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 .postImageUrl , .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 , .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28:hover , .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28:visited , .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28:active { border:0!important; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28:active , .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28 .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf407e8ab63e96bfd988e9f5a5f2adb28:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reinventing the Self EssayThe scene where Book educates Samuel about a loaded gun is significant as it reflect John’s understanding of violence. John tells Samuel it is dangerous when playing with a loaded gun but he can play with an unloaded gun. The bullet being removed by John is a concept of the danger being taken away. John thinks that a gun without bullets is safe â€Å"Now I’m taking the bullets out, now it’s safe okay? †. The close up of the notorious gun is to demonstrate that is it violent. Rachel caught Samuel holding a gun and this made Rachel disappointed at John. John Book, while you’re in this house, I insist that you respe ct our ways† said Rachel with a disappointed tone. The camera shot of Rachel holding the gun like a dirty towel reflect that the gun is a dirty weapon. Eli implies that Book is heartless and amoral by bringing a gun into the Amish community. Eli role in the film are to show authority over Rachel and show her what’s wrong and what’s right. He judges Rachel when she’s dancing and saying â€Å"You’ll get shun† to Rachel. He is the voice of the religion. He also teaches Samuel what’s right and what’s wrong. He represents traditional Amish view and values in the film. Eli is a fervent pacifist. He is very moralistic about the importance and significance of pacifism as a means to achieve peace. He states that â€Å"We believe it is wrong to take life† the use of ‘we’ is an inclusive language to refer to the Amish community. He also said â€Å"there is never only one way remember that what you take into your hands, you take it into your heart†. John considers violence to be necessary in some circumstances such as in response to the bullies, shooting back at McFee in the car park, throwing the suspect up against the car and killing McFee in the end. This emphasise that violence is a significant obstacle in their relationship as they have different opinions of violence which can cause a breakdown to their relationship. There are moments when Rachel and John partnership becomes more sexualise and increased their growing attraction as shown in the carpentry scene. Rachel creeps out of the shadow and walked slowly to emphasise her nervousness. A mid range shot is used to show that Rachel is nervous and John looks excited to see her. The shot of John drinking the drink sexualise John and emphasises Rachel’s attraction to John. Tomorrow I’ll let out those trousers for you† emphasises the sexual tension. Daniel is also another obstacle in their relationship as he is also interested in Rachel. When Daniel and Rachel were sitting on the chair, a mid range shot is used to show Daniel’s interest in her and Rachel disinterest of him and this sets up a love triangle. When John was walking towards Rachel, a low angl e shot is used to emphasise Rachel’s interest in John. The absence of dialogue in the scene is used to create an uncomfortable mood. The tension between Rachel and John breaks down when John wears the Amish clothes. The long shot of John with Amish clothes to emphasise that he looks ridiculous. â€Å"How do I look Do I look Amish? † John asked Rachel and she replied â€Å"You look plain†. This shows that Rachel had accepted Book into the Amish community. There was more sexualisation part in the twilight scene where Rachel and John kiss passionately. The tracking shot of Rachel walking towards John looking determined, a close up of John walking towards her, the absence of sound and the cliche lovers embrace as John and Rachel rush towards each other with passion and determination shows the lighting is natural to make it romantic and pure. Passionate embrace where Rachel and John finally release their sexual tension through their almost violent kiss. The extreme close up coupled with a dolly shot emphasises their lust and passion for each other. It is their first and last moment of sexual connection. Their passionate kissing emphasises that they had wanted to release the sexual tension between them. Rachel was devastated when she knew John was going to leave the Amish community. Book giving Samuel a special present indicated that John will be leaving soon. An extreme close up tells the viewers that she has realised that Book will be leaving. A long shot of Eli and John fixing the bird house is significant as the bird house is symbolic because John enters the Amish community by crashing to the bird house. Now he is fixing it indicates that he is leaving the Amish world. Rachel questioned Eli â€Å"He’s leaving, isn’t he? † and Eli answered â€Å"tomorrow morning†. A mid range shot indicates that Eli is despondent. A long shot of Rachel makes she looks naive and childish. She knew he had to go, but is clinging on a hope that he would stay. Turning down the lamp is symbolic as it is similar to turning the relationship down. The extreme close up of Rachel removing her bonnet in the dimmed room is reflecting her decision to reject her religion and culture. She is deliberately deciding not to conform. She knows that their relationship will never be successful as John is about to leave and this has made Rachel depressed. It is evident that John and Rachel could never have a permanent relationship because their cultures are too different. John violence cannot be control as he thinks violence is necessary and this is a major obstacle in their relationship as Rachel is a pacifist and doesn’t believe in violence. The film ‘Witness’ directed by Peter Weir shows that the Amish is pure and is greatly juxtaposed by the American society. John have worked so hard in the Amish community in order to gain their acceptance involving working in the barn raising and at the farm. John knows that if Rachel have a relationship with him, she will be in trouble. As John cares too much for Rachel, he is doing Rachel a favour by leaving. Even though they had their romantic moments, it still wasn’t enough for John to stay. John’s commitment to Rachel is always strong but as they face their obstacles, their relationship deteriorates.

Radical Actions of Abolitionis essays

Radical Actions of Abolitionis essays DBQ: Radical Actions of Abolitionists Thesis: By 1836 the abolitionists acted radically by demanding an immediate end to slavery and recognition of equality. Written for Document Based Question section on the Advanced Placement U.S. History Exam. Before 1836, the abolition movement was restricted to a few northern radicals. However, organized societies and effective campaigning, increased northern support against slavery while free blacks used their freedom to organize slave resistance in the South. By 1836 the abolitionists acted radically by demanding an immediate end to slavery and recognition of equality. In 1836, radical abolitionists pressed for immediate emancipation instead of gradual freedom through the restricting the expansion of slavery and slave trade. Abolitionists such as Henry Highland Garnet called slaves to rise up and secure liberty with resistance. The American Anti-Slavery Society distributed pamphlets throughout the North to gain support for emancipation. In The Liberator (Document D), Garrison expresses the radical idea that there is need for severity to end slavery immediately. Document E insists that it is within the best interest of abolitionist to act immediately, while Document F calls for immediate abolition, because slavery is a sin. By introducing the idea that slavery is immoral, abolitionists radicalized the movement. The movement was radicalized even further with abolitionist rejection of colonization. Blacks believed that the prosperity of the United States was due to their own hard work. According to David Walker's, Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, America is more the blacks country than it is the whites. (Document C) The radical abolitionists of 1836, rejected colonization as described in Document A. Also, abolitionist began to demand racial equality in addition to emancipation. The idea that blacks were equal to whites was ex ...

Tips on Writing a Strong Personal Essay

Tips on Writing a Strong Personal Essay Tips on Writing a Strong Personal Essay If commenting on different essay types, one should definitely underline the issue of a personal essay. This is a free piece of writing where the author tells about his or her experience. Nonetheless, either narration or opinion style, the task is pretty complicated. There are certain things that belong to this type of essays. These are as follows: No search of official data is needed. No in-depth research is required. An author should write judging on his/her own experience and feelings. With the regard to the mentioned above statements, the writing process will be rather specific. The common structure (the introduction, main plot, and conclusion) will be kept. Nonetheless, there are several prompts you should keep in your memory for good. Our experts have collected the main guidelines to complete this specific piece of writing. In addition, you will learn some other smart tips. The sum of these recommendations and tips will help you craft a really impressive and correct personal essay. Begin with Engaging Opening Your introduction should be captivating and interesting. Use something unique and special. Write in a positive tone. You should get the attraction of your audience. Mind that your introductory part ought to present the fundamental question of your story. If you wish to write about your strongest trait, dwell upon this point and begin the story. Write from Your Personal Experience Commonly, all essays are dependent on the found information. Besides, it’s needed to stick to a definite writing style. Nonetheless, one of the most distinguished advantages of this particular assignment is the full freedom of thought. You have no restrictions on what to write about. This is up to you what events, personal traits or stories to reveal to your readers. You will write from your own experience and can choose any theme. In comparison to other essay types, you can likewise use any style you wish. Accordingly, this is a tremendous possibility to impress your readers and your academic supervisor with the fullest power of your originality. Therefore, be unique and creative. Stick to the Structure Though you are free to choose the topic and style, you cannot ignore the standard structure. Firstly, introduce your readers what your main aim is. Provide them with the thesis statement and start telling your story. Mind that you should describe the chosen topic from different angles. Don’t forget to mention all people or certain events that became the major influencers for your particular case. The real-life experience is supposed to flow smoothly. Write it naturally as if you were retelling it during a conversation with your friends. Be Honest One more essential point for this essay type is the truth. It should be authentic. Show your honesty and curiosity. Even if there are some events or personality traits you don’t really like, you are expected to reveal them. This is important because it makes your story full and real. Life isn’t perfect and there happen some misfortunes and black days. Therefore, uncover the hidden truth whatever its origin might be. Though it might be uncomfortable to reveal something sacred to other people, your honesty will be appreciated. It will show that you had fully depicted your private story and did not hide anything. Accordingly, your work will bring you the desired high grades. Useful Ideas You can likewise take into your consideration some smaller elements, which will help write a good personal essay. While composing your paper, consider the â€Å"to do† and â€Å"not to do† things. There are the next things you should do: Focus on personal aspects. Tell the truth. Select topics relevant to readers. Concentrate on positive concepts. Use originality and your own style. Use details. You should not: Be impersonal. Repeat the same statements. Tell lies. Choose boring topics. In the occasion, you still have no idea of how to compose this paper use samples. This is a dependable resource, which contains samples to understand this special essay better. Of course, you will receive only partial elements of a full paper. Nonetheless, you will get a better comprehension on how to fulfill each stage and section of your research.

SCOTS LAW - commercial law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SCOTS LAW - commercial law - Essay Example In the development of Scots law roman principles were used. Law of the roman people gave individuals the right to enjoy certain privileges; in return, the people had a variety of obligations to fulfil. These principles find applications to help solve a variety of court cases in modern day Scotland unlike in England where court decisions are based on past rulings by judges in given cases, often known as common law. Some of the laws in Scotland find their origin from various courts. These could be in England, Scotland and from other courts across Europe. Courts are of great importance in the Scottish legal system as they can amend the law. Another source of Scottish law is lawyers who flourished in the seventeen and eighteen centuries. These lawyers wrote books that set out the precedence on which the Scottish law is based. Most of the principles were originally from the roman laws. Various lawyers who practice law today in Scotland follow and apply these principles to modern day law. The legislature in the United Kingdom makes laws through ‘acts of parliament.’ The laws are taken through the process of legislation; here they are first introduced as bills. From bills, they undergo further amendments until they finally signed into by the queen. Scotland established its own parliament. The government of the United Kingdom delegated some power to the Scottish parliament to make laws. The parliament in Scotland is, however, a minor player as the United Kingdom parliament is still supreme when it comes to legislation function. The right of humans are a fundamental part of life and it is important that they be protected by the law. These rights include the right to private life and the right to express oneself freely. The European Commission on Human Rights put these laws to ensure protection of human rights. Human right law is a significant source of law as all laws made must conform to it. The rights of humans

Speech recognition Software Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Speech recognition Software - Research Proposal Example Facilities such as financial institutions in particular have strict rules on personnel clearance. The vaults and financial files and data are only accessible by authorized people. They have, therefore, set up measures to ensure that this security protocol is observed which include the use of security keys and feeding in passwords before accessing certain areas. The problem above is not a new finding, but an issue that is in every financial institution. This has seen innovators and designers come up with solutions that have not solved the problem substantially. There have been inventions such as the use of security cards that are assigned to the various personnel (Clark, 2002, p. 26). These cards are as special keys, where each has a feature that is intended to enable access to certain places to the personnel concerned. They only need someone to swipe the card in a barcode reader at the door and input a password before a door opens. However, the problem with security cards is that they can be stolen or get lost. Criminal or personnel gets his/ her hands on the card and has the knowledge of the password; a security breach can occur, and it may lead to lose of crucial data or even money.Therefore to reduce the risk of lapses in cases where these security cards end up in the wrong hands, putting that power in somebody’s voice is the onl y sure way. The voice of a person activating the opening and closing of a door can go a long way in preventing such breaches. This is because voice recognition does not require any password to be fed to the system and it a persons voice is unique to themselves. Voice recognition is a technology that involves the translation of spoken words into texts. It is an invention that has transformed the way people interacts with technology from simple gadgets like the smart phone to complicated sets as voice controlled military missiles and fighter planes (Clark, 2002, p.59). Voice recognition has offered solutions to many real life issues

To Sir, With Love by E. R. Braithewaite Essay Example for Free

To Sir, With Love by E. R. Braithewaite Essay In his novel, To Sir, With Love, E. R. Braithewaite traces the course of his relationship with his unruly charges, as a teacher in a rough school in London. I think Braithewaite was a resounding success, as he progressed from a new blackie teacher to Sir, with Love, as he moulded the lives of his students and played a role model to them. When he first met the students, he was faced with disobedience and hostility. They were indifferent to his attempts to integrate himself with them, and make them like him. I think they did not really cared about respecting Braithewaite as they imagined him to be as a transient as his predecessors. They mentioned him only briefly (and yet made a pointed reference to his race) in their weekly reviews. I do not think it was really their fault: they had had so many inept teachers in the past; they did not have any high expectation for Braithewaite Another (Hackman). Braithewaite went through three phases in his relationship with the students the noisy, silent and bawdy phases, all increasing in aggression. Matters came to a head one day as someone burnt a sanitary napkin in the class room, in what I believe was an act of testing the waters they were trying to see how far they could push Braithewaite. That incident was the turning point for Braithewaite as he reprimanded the students, I think he realised that trying to be their friend would not work, Instead he decided to be firm with them, not asking, but demanding, respect. One hurdle that he had to overcome was the students social background. They had been poorly fed, clothed and housed, in places where the breadwinner was chronically unemployed. Their neighbourhood was infested with social vermin. These children, I think, had never had any satisfactory father or role models that they could look up to. This, combined with their ingrained prejudice, made them feel that Braithewaite would be another Hackman who by all accounts gave the children too much rope. Braithewaite had to realise that they came from homes where order was often accomplished by a blow and in school where corporal punishment was banned, that he had to be strict in order to earn their respects. His first triumph was his success in imposing unfamiliar social codes on the children. By having them call each other Sir and Miss, I think he showed them a glimpse of what they could become well mannered, courteous young adults. Braithewaite quickly realised that lessons, unless they could relate to the students lives were of no use to the children. So he related the subjects and tailored the lessons to suit the children and in this way, he showed them that the purpose of education was the development of the students thinking and reasoning. In this way, Braithewaite gained the respect of the ringleaders of the children, except Denham. I think he finally grew up in their eyes as he beat Denham, a symbol for triumphing over adversity. I feel in the end, physical force was needed to win over the children, and it speaks volumes about their social background. After the boxing incident, Braithewaite became aware of in important change in his own attitude towards them. Whilst earlier his aim was to gain employment, not rally caring about the students, he now found himself liking them, collectively and singly and therefore more interested in their welfare and moral values. The trip to the museum brought out the best in the children, as they came scrubbed, combed, brushed and shining. I think the children finally had a hope of redemption, as they went on with their best behaviour, surprising and delighting Braithewaite. He now begins to identify himself with them, calling them my class and mentioning that they had become a part of him. But this brought in a new complication Pamela Dare. A girl with only scruffy, untidy men to look up to, she quickly develops a crush on the big, broad and handsome Braithewaite, but I think her crush was not more than a yearning for a father figure. Both Pamela and her mother respected Braithewaite enough to ask for his advice on family matter. Braithewaite, on his part, is careful and conscious of his limits with Pamela he treats her like any other student and without being too intrusive, he guides her and her mother. Barbara Peggs mother, on the other hand, was not so tolerant. Bluntly refusing him a room to lodge, on the grounds of his colour, she changes her mind only because her daughter, horrified at her behaviour, wanted her to apologise. But Braithewaite sees this, also, as a triumph. He knows hes gotten through to Barbara. He had taught her tolerance and the essential humanities. One person who seems not to have the essential humanities is Mr. Weston. He is deeply prejudiced against the children and their background and so is a contrast to Braithewaite. He calls his students snotty little tarts and blithe spirits and always claims that he is only a teacher for the money, and in this he is a marked contrast to Braithewaite. E.R. Braithwaite was truly a remarkable teacher in the way he changed his student attitudes and perceptions to the world around them, and their behaviour and outlook in general. They had, in only a year, progressed from being unruly, rude and out of hand to responsible, polite and mature adults with their whole future ahead of them, and all due to him. I feel that he was the best teacher they could have possibly had and he deserved to be called Sir, With Love.

Constrain The Power :: essays research papers

â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism†¦Animal Farm was the first book in which I tried, with full consciousness of what I was doing, to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole,† George Orwell, [1984]. The criticisms and protests Orwell has against the dictatorship of Napoleon, a pig who tricked his animal society into believing equality was the greater evil, are vibrantly shown throughout the novel. The change of life citizens endured during their stay on Animal Farm enlightens its readers with the true purpose of the book. â€Å"George Orwell’s whole life was spent in preparation of Animal Farm, and the text itself bears the dates November, 1943-February, 1944,† The Times Literary Supplement. In November of 1943 the United States controlled the first nuclear reaction at the University of Chicago. The Manhattan project was a success, and the country held the power to decimate any opposing power. However, with this achievement erupted much controversy. Was the use of atomic bombs humane and reasonable to end conflicts? Englishman, George Orwell, opposed any practice related to these weapons. Through his brilliant satire, Animal Farm, Orwell depicted a frightening view of the future. Even those deemed as national heroes were corrupt. It was uncertain at the time if overthrowing the government would ever change current society. In essence, the United States is not run under totalitarian views. We are a democracy, a society where the people’s choice presides over that of one person. However, in smaller countries this could be overthrown very swiftly. In the book Animal Farm, two major leaders, Snowball and Napoleon, begin their journey to a successful society when Napoleon turns on Snowball. He sends his bodyguards, (portrayed as vicious dogs) after Snowball in hope to drive him off the farm. Once this was accomplished, he began to manipulate the minds of the animals on the farm into believing that Snowball was actually their enemy from the beginning. â€Å"Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL! he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder. Snowball has done this thing! In sheer malignity, thinking to set back our plans and avenge himself for his ignominious expulsion, this traitor has crept here under cover of night and destroyed our work of nearly a year. Comrades, here and now I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball,† Animal Farm, pg.

Christmas Vacation a Boon

Christmas!! It is pleasing to hear when we know that it’s near. Specially to those students like me because we knew that it’s going be a long time of rest in our studies and we can do other things that we can’t during school days and also to the kids and small children because the first thing that comes to their mind when they hear Christmas are gifts and new toys. It is not new to us Filipinos already the yearly preparation and celebration of this very special day for Christians because it is already in our tradition and culture as Filipino. This is one of the traditions inherited to us by our ancestors that until now we still give significance. Every Christmas, one of the traditions of our friend Christians is they prepare a lot of food for their visitors, friends and family, giving of gifts and of course having a fireworks display to show their joy. That is why many people consider Christmas as the time for joy, sharing and love. I would like to argue and to prove that the two-week Christmas vacation really is a boon or shall we say a blessings to us Filipinos because of these following reasons: 1. Since majority of people here in our country are Christians, and Christian people always take Christmas as a blessing to them because it is when Christ was born and save them from their sins, they were able and have an enough time to rejoice and give thanks and express gratitude to their savior. According to the Pew Research Center, the 2000 Philippine census found that 5.1% of the population is Muslim. While the majority of the population are Roman Catholic, some ethnic groups are Protestant, non-religious, Buddhist, Animist and Hindus. 2. Christmas vacation also gives us time to be reunited with our love ones. It is much pleased to celebrate Christmas with our friends, relatives and especially our family. As we observe, there are so many people travelling during Christmas season compared to other seasons of the year. Bus terminal, airports, pier and other transportation establishments are overcrowded with people. And these people have the same destination, to go back home to spend their Christmas vacation with their family and friends. 3. Employees receives bonus from their employment. Christmas bonus is a benefit that is not government mandated, but is usually given to employees. This is given in December, on top of the 13th month pay. This is considered as the company’s Christmas gift to their employees. 4. Small and big establishments are tend to have a higher rate of income during Yuletide season, especially when Christmas Eve is approaching. The rate of demand of goods is higher and also prices of goods are getting higher and higher as Christmas day becomes nearer and nearer. As we all know, according to the law of demand, when the rate of demand is high, the prices also become high and consecutively income also gets higher. 5. There is also an increase of rate of tourist in our country and that means more jobs to our people. As we notice during Christmas, we can see a lot of foreigners compared to ordinary days of the year. It is because many foreigners prefer to spend Christmas here in our country because of our nature and our tourist destinations. These tourists can be an investor here in our country and it only means that more jobs will be accessible. 6. People can have an another source of income during these days. People can sell products that are in demand all through this season such as fireworks and food that we usually prepare like ham keso de bola. We can see throughout this season a lot of vendor selling products that are we usually use and prepare for Christmas. Based on my arguments I strongly believe that the two-week Christmas vacation really is a boon to Filipinos like me.

Nortel Case Report Essay

The company also used to be affiliated with AT&T/Western Electric until Western was forced to sell its stake in 1949. In 1976, the company changed its name from Northern Electric to Northern Telecom Limited, and shifted its concentration on digital technology. In 1977, Nortel introduced its DMS line of digital central office telephone switches. Nortel ended its long relationship with AT&T in 1984, a year after deregulation named. Bell Canada Enterprises the parent company to Northern Telecom. In 1998, the company acquired Bay Networks and changed its name to Nortel Networks. In the late 90’s, Nortel’s sales of fiber optic network gear was predicted to help their sales, but the market became saturated very quickly. At the height of Nortel’s first 100 years the company amassed for more than a third of the total valuation of all companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), but once the Internet bubble passed, the company fell into ethical debacle. Nortel Networks Corporation, or formally known as Northern Telecom Limited was one of the largest telecommunications equipment companies in the world prior to its filing for bankruptcy protection on January 14th, 2009. During times of functionality, they specialized in multinational telecommunications equipment manufacturing. The company is based in Canada out of Mississiauga, Ontario, Canada. Their biggest rival always was Global System Mobile (GSM). Through the early 1990s, the company invested heavily in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in attempt to grow in European and Asian markets. This did not pan out so well as Nortel’s losses amounted to $27. 3 billion by 2001—causing them to lay off two-thirds of the workforce. From 2000 through 2003 there was a period of fiscal irresponsibility resulting from the work of the company’s administrators. Initially in 2000, they falsified their fourth-quarter earnings by $1 billion to meet market expectations and selectively reversing certain revenue entries. In 2002, administrators discovered $300 million in excess reserves being carried over and swept it under the rug for future benefit in addition to establishing another $151 million in unnecessary reserves. In 2003, administrators directed the release of at least $490 million of excess reserves to boost earning, fabricate profits, and pay bonuses. Losses turned to profits during this year thanks to the shifty methods taking place. Later in that year, administrators mislead investors as to why Nortel was conducting a purportedly â€Å"comprehensive review† of its assets—attributed by restatement $948 million in liabilities. They said restatement was caused solely by internal control mistakes instead of the truth that there was intentional improper handling of reserves which needed to remain hidden. 2 On October 23rd, 2003, the company announced that Nortel would restate its financials for fiscal years 2000, 2001, and 2002. Shortly after this restatement, the major players of Nortel’s administration that were responsible for all of this were exposed through an independent investigation. In March 2004, The CFO and controller were suspended, in addition to the announcement of further restatements and revisions; they were terminated a month later in April 2004. A restatement in early 2005 showed approximately $3. 4 billion in misstated revenues and another $746 in liabilities. In late 2005, Nortel admitted that restatements were the result of management fraud—beginning the downturn of their stock. The company ended up restating financials four times over four years, replacing senior management, and instituting a comprehensives remediation program designed to ensure proper accounting and reporting practices. Eventually on October 15th, 2007, Nortel agreed to settle by paying a $35 million civil penalty and admitting to violations of the antifraud, reporting, books and records, and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. 2 On June 25th, 2009, Nortel’s price dropped to 18. 5 cents a share down from a high of $124. 0 in 2000. The company decided that month that they would discontinue operations and sell off all of its business units. Nortel’s CDMA wireless business and LTE access technology were sold to Ericsson, and Avaya purchased Nortels Enterprise business unit. Major Players in the Scandal: The major players in this scandal were the four members of the senior management: CEO Frank Dunn, CFO Douglas Beatty, controller Michael Gollogly, and ass istant controller Maryanne Pahapill. CEO Frank Dunn, who is also a certified management accountant. Dunn was mainly involved in the improper use of reserves from 2000 to 2003. CFO Douglas Beatty, controller Michael Gollogly, and assistant controller Maryanne Pahapill were also involved in this management fraud. 2 The Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Toronto arrested ex-CEO Frank Dunn, ex-CFO Douglas Beatty, and former corporate controller Michael Gollogly on seven counts of fraud. Including charges â€Å"fraud affecting public market; falsification of books and documents; false prospectus, pertaining to allegations of criminal activity within Nortel Networks during 2002 and 2003. Magnitude of the financial issue: Nortel at its peak was one of the best companies that Canada had ever seen. Just like ENRON and other financial frauds at the time, Nortel appeared to be a shining example of success in the corporate world. Again like ENRON, Nortel grew through a strategy of aggressive expansion and purchasing of smaller companies in order to create a massive conglomerate. During the good times Nortel was the largest technology company and the most valuable company in Canada. Nortel accounted for over one third of the entire aluation of the Toronto Stock Exchange. The Toronto Stock Exchange is the Canadian equivalent of the New York Stock Exchange and holds the most influential stock market in Canada. Nortel employed about 95,000 employees worldwide. About 26,000 of those workers based in Canada alone. Nortel at one point had a market capitalization of almost C$400 billion. Nortel had set up pensions and healthcare protection for its employees. All of these were lost to either the restructuring under Frank Dunne which left about 60,000 employees without jobs or the bankruptcy that followed in 2009. Canadian government officials and regulators identified how destructive a full failure of Nortel would be on the Canadian economy. The Canadian government through the Export Development Canada project tried to lend money to the falling giant. However the Canadian government could not cover all of Nortel’s debt obligations. Nortel owed about $107 million and the EDC (Export Development Canada) could only supply about $30 million in short term loans. This $107 million interest payment accounted for about 4% of Nortel’s cash and put the company into bankruptcy. The world financial crisis of 2008 had put too much strain on Nortel and they were forced to begin liquidation. Public auditor: The auditors involved with this case were Deloitte and Touche. In documents from the fraud case, which is still being heard by the Royal court in Canada, Deloitte claims that they were not given proper documentation by Nortel. Deloitte claims that they did not have pertinent information which should have been provided by administrators at Nortel. Deloitte raised concerns to the audit board of Nortel in 2003 when Nortel turned a profit after Frank Dunne’s restructuring of the company. Deloitte raised awareness of potential fraud and did their duty in that respect. However further investigation conducted has implicated Deloitte in the financial reporting irregularities in Nortel which some have claimed dates back to the time of CEO Roth who held office before Dunne. Information coming out of the case states that even if transactions were deemed suspicious, they still signed off on the verity of the financial reports. Frank Dunne and some of his officers are now charged with fraud by both the SEC and the OSC which regulate the American and Canadian markets respectively. The case is currently still under review in the Royal court of Canada and civil charges have been brought in the United States. Fraud Triangle Nortel had experienced tremendous growth throughout the 1990s, allowing it to expand operations worldwide. Nortel’s expansion came during the telecommunication and technology bubble of the 1990s that inflated stock prices of companies in those sectors. Frank Dunn had taken over for the previous CEO, John Roth, in November 2001 during the telecommunication bubble bust. Dunn felt pressured to maintain the high stock price because it accounted for over one third of Nortel’s value2. Nortel management was also incentivized to post profits that produced executive bonuses with over $7. 8million going to Dunn alone. The primary members of the Nortel fraud were able to commit the fraud because, as executive officers and controllers, they were able to go around the internal controls of the company. That allowed them to implement many accounting practices that did not comply with GAAP. Nortel management’s rationalization for these fraudulent practices must have been that they needed to maintain the high stock price in order for the company to continue operating. Moral Breach and Ethical Issues As a publicly traded company, Nortel had the responsibility of fairly reporting the company’s true financial data to stockholders and potential investors. Dunn, Beatty, Gollogly and Pahapill breached this responsibility by establishing earnings management accounting strategies to manipulate Nortel’s revenues. Nortel management also actively sought to inflate earnings to trigger very large bonuses for key members of management. Perhaps, if these incentives did not exist then there would be less motivation to commit the fraud. Finally, Nortel’s auditor for over a century, Deloitte and Touche, has come under scrutiny by the defense lawyers in Dunn, Gollogly and Beatty’s civil trial in Canada this year. The defense claims that Deloitte approved of all major accounting adjustments that Dunn and his team had engaged in. Summary of Legal Actions On April 28th, 2004, Dunn and his fraud partners were fired for financial mismanagement2. On March 12th, 2007 the SEC filed civil charges against Dunn, Beatty, Gollogly and Pahapill for repeatedly engaging in accounting fraud to bridge gaps between Nortel’s true performance, its internal targets, and market expectations. Dunn and Beatty were charged with violating the officer certification agreement that was established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Nortel settled with SEC on October 15, 2007 by consenting to be prescribed from violating the antifraud, reporting, books and records, and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. Nortel paid $35million to the SEC, and $1million to the Ontario Securities Commission to establish a Fair Fund for affected shareholders. Finally, Canadian authorities arrested and charge Dunn, Beatty and Gollogly with seven counts of fraud. Their trial began on January 16th, 2012. Current Status: Nortel, once known as the largest telecommunications manufacturer in the world, filed for bankruptcy in 2009. Now three years later, the period of bankruptcy continues as the company discloses their every operating report highlighting each cash receipt and disbursement. When Nortel went bankrupt, executives believed that selling all business assets would be the best and easiest way to fight debt. Recently, Nortel has netted $7. 7 billion from selling its patents and businesses. As stated on their website, â€Å"Nortel remains focused on maximizing value for its stakeholders, including the sale of its remaining assets, resolution of claims, the wind-down of its global operations and entities, resolution of allocation matters with respect to the sale proceeds, and other significant restructuring activities toward the conclusion of the creditor protection proceedings. † The case for Nortel executives Dunn (ex CEO), Beatty (ex CFO) and Gollogy (ex controller), who were charged with fraud for affecting the public market and falsifying books and documents to earn larger bonuses, is still in trial. In February, a former Vice President of Nortel testified in court against executives stating that they had asked him to use questionable accounting methods to manipulate the company’s earnings. Although those who committed the crime have been charged, thousands of employees will still be left without pension plans and jobs. Nortel has spent over $20 million on retirement package these past two year, but unfortunately the company will stop the pension plan and disability program payments as it continues to sell away its businesses. By the end of 2011, Nortel was split into regional entities – Nortel Networks Limited in Canada and Nortel Networks Inc in the United States, causing disagreements over how to split $7. 5 billion that was earned by selling many assets and patents other corporations such as Apple and Microsoft Corp. The following charts, graphs and financial statements analyze Nortel’s current status. Case Study Questions and Solutions: 1. Dunn is a certified management accountant. Based on the facts of the case, which provisions of the IMA’s Statement of Ethical Professional Practice that was discussed in chapter 1 have been violated? Dunn violates many of the provisions of the IMA’s statement of Ethical Professional Practice they are as follows: 1. Perform professional duties in accordance with law, regulations and technical standards. 2. Provide decision information that is accurate, clear, concise and timely 3. Retain from engaging in any conduct that would prejudice carrying out any duties ethically. 4. Abstain from engaging in or supporting any activity that might discredit the profession. 5. Communicate information fairly and objectively. 6. Disclose all relevant information, that could reasonably be expected to influence an intended users understanding of the reports analyses or recommendations. 7. Disclose delays or deficiencies in information timeliness processing or internal controls in conformance with organization policy and/or applicable law. He violated these by selective reversal of revenue entries in 2000. Followed by concealing the reserves in 2002, which violated GAAP, and then avoided posting a profit so the company wouldn’t have to pay out bonuses. In 2003 Dunn released the reserves to falsely report a profit, which allowed them to eports a profit a quarter earlier than expected, and to pay out more bonuses to senior management. Also in 2003 he misled the investors about why Nortel had restated its financials in order to avoid uncovering the unethical management techniques him and his team had been using. All of these actions take away Dunn’s integrity and credibility in the field of manageria l accounting, which are two of the standards the IMA sets out. Dunn failed to meet his professional code of conduct and his company suffered because of it. 2. What are the responsibilities of an auditor to detect fraud? How were those responsibilities compromised by the actions of Nortel’s management? It is the auditors responsibility to report fraud if they find it, however in this case the actions of Nortel’s management made it difficult for the auditors to do their job. The false financial statements and hiding of money veiled the problems of the company from the auditors. Once there was a hint of the fraud the auditors found it and perused the trail, taking the ethical route and also following the code of conduct. It was their investigation that brought down the fraudulent executives and forced the company to restate its financials properly. This would eventually lead to the failure of Nortel. Nortel made materially false and misleading statements and omissions in connection with the quarterly reviews and materially misstated annual audits of financial statements. This caused the auditors to not be able to properly do their job, and review the statements. 3. Describe the incentives that created pressure on Nortel to manage earnings. Considering the role of Nortel’s management in this regard, discuss whether it met its corporate governance obligations as discussed in previous chapters. The incentives that drove Nortel to manage its earning where greed of the management team, the pressure to deliver bonuses, the pressure to survive an economic downturn, and the pressure to make the company seem like a good investment to both current and potential investors. In an economic climate of intense competition and corporate greed the management at Nortel fell victim to their vices and allowed the pressure to perform to overwhelm their priorities. This caused them to put their own greed and personal ambition before the well being of the company. Nortel did not meet its corporate governance obligations. It did not follow any internal rules of how to run the business. It ignored any corporate ethics they might have. It lied to stakeholders several times by misstating the financials. They did not follow the professional code of conduct of their careers and also did not follow industry standards. They broke the law. No one inside the company caught the fraud therefore their internal controls where not effective. Each of these immoral acts is a case where corporate governance has failed. 4. The final quote in the case characterizes Nortel’s failure as â€Å"just another casualty of capitalism. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? How would you characterize the cause of the failure at Nortel? I would argue that Nortel is not just another casualty of capitalism. Nortel did not function in a system of free market capitalism where the government had absolutely no regulation and let the markets function however they wanted. The capitalism system of North America is more of a mixed economy, which combines public and private ownership of companies, and also provides government regulation and intervention to prevent and deal with fraud. Even in a free market the system is meant to come to an equal balance of supply and demand, which cannot be reached if there is fraud involved since the supply has been inaccurately disclosed by the senior management at Nortel. I would characterize this failure as one of humanity. It was not the economic system that allowed this fraud to take place, but the greed of the people and a social environment that ties success so strongly to wealth. It was the social pressure and the effect of human nature that led to Nortel’s demise. . The case discusses how Nortel’s managers prioritized themselves over the shareholders, which, in part, lead to the company’s failure. What should be a company’s first priority? A company’s first priority should be following their code of ethics. The second priority should be the shareholders, followed by the management and other employees. This hierarchy ensures that all the business that is done with be both moral and legal , meaning there is no room to commit fraud and damage the company. In this way you are putting the shareholders first, because by providing a stable and healthy company the shareholders will see an investment that will be able to reach its highest potential. 6. Was Nortel’s settlement a fair penalty? Should the SEC have imposed harsher or more lenient sanctions? Should these sanctions have been on the managers, on Nortel as a whole, or both? A fair settlement would offer compensation to all those who were hurt by this fraud. Groups that may have been hurt could be shareholders, employees and customers. Deciding what is a fair compensation is a little more difficult, however as much of what these people lost as possible should be returned to them. As for the managers who created the problems and took part in the fraud should face a sentence of termination from their company, loss of license (if applicable) and jail time. The company and the individual managers have both failed stakeholders and should both be held accountable. In the case of Nortel specifically the stockholder settlement goes with these guidelines, as for the managers their trial is still ongoing and therefore no sentenced has been given to them yet.

What is the theme of The Country of the Blind and how is it portrayed Essay Example

What is the theme of The Country of the Blind and how is it portrayed Essay Example What is the theme of The Country of the Blind and how is it portrayed Paper What is the theme of The Country of the Blind and how is it portrayed Paper In the short story The Country of the Blind, the author H.G. Wells tries to convey a certain message. Wells expresses the theme of how man has difficulties adapting to change. The protagonist, Nunez, attempts to convince the villagers on the existence of sight but fails. The villagers are xenophobic therefore, are not willing to accept the truth and have difficulties to adapting change. Wells uses diction and setting to contribute to the understanding of this theme.The author uses diction to communicate the theme of how man has difficulties to adapt to change. As Nunez tries to convince the villagers about the beauty of sight, it is evident that they have difficulties accepting this through the use of diction. When they describe eyes as irritating bodies, something that is extremely agitating, it shows that the villagers were impatient and bothered with his constant appreciation for his sight, therefore showing their narrow-mindedness (Wells, 1997:21).By also describing eyes as queer things, something that is not normal or odd, shows the communities unwillingness to acknowledge an outsider (Wells, 1997:21). Moreover by describing Nunezs sight as an imagination it shows that they believe his views are ridiculous and unrealistic (Wells, 1997:22). Additionally in response to the words vision and sight, the villagers would be outraged and shocked. Through their reactions Wells clearly shows how difficult it is for them to adapt and accept something new (Wells, 1997:25).The author also uses setting to communicate the theme of how man has difficulties to adapt to change. Wells locates the Country of the Blind in a completely isolated area surrounded by rocks and cliffs. Due to the geographical location of The Country of the Blind, it is cut off from the exploring feet of men (Wells, 1997:4) thus causing the villagers imagination to be shrivelled (Wells, 1997:13). The isolated location of the Country of the Blind clearly causes the villagers to have no flexibility and a lack of understanding of the modern society therefore making it hard for them to adapt to change.Furthermore, Wells describes the outside world surrounding the Country of the Blind as an area that is frightful, icy, and incessant. All three of these words have negative connotations that show the outside world to be chaotic and have extremely appalling living conditions (Wells,1997:4). Wells juxtaposes this to describing the Country of the Blind as an area that has sweet water, beautiful flowers, and rich brown soil, all that have positive connotations that show the Country of the Blind to be a phenomenal place (Wells, 1997:4). The juxtaposition between the two worlds shows that they view their land as perfect, therefore there is no need for the chaos that comes from the outside.Wells clearly expresses the theme of how man has difficulties adapting to change through the use of diction and setting. Nunez tries to educate the villagers on what is out there in the modern world, but t hey just neglect it and have difficulties in adapting to a new idea. Man will always have difficulties adapting to change from what they are well adjusted to, but man should atleast try to acknowledge and appreciate that there is something else in the world. Without loosing their traditional roots man should be willing to learn and knowledge themselves on the modernization taking over our world.

Fail

When to Take a College Course Pass/Fail Most college courses require students to take them for a grade, but not always: In some cases, students can take a few courses as pass/fail during their time in college. Whether or not thats a good choice for you depends on a variety of factors, and there are a few things you need to know before choosing a pass/fail option over the regular grading system. What Is Pass/Fail? Its exactly what it sounds like: When you take a course pass/fail, your instructor simply decides whether your work qualifies you to pass or fail the class, rather than assign you a letter grade. As a result, it isnt factored into your GPA, and it will show up on your transcript differently. Assuming you pass, you will get the full course credits, just as if you had received a letter grade. When to Take a Course Pass/Fail There are a few situations in which you may want to take a college course pass/fail: 1. You dont need the grade.  Whether youre fulfilling graduation requirements or you just want to experiment with other areas of study, youll probably have to take a few courses outside your major. You may want to consider the pass/fail option if a letter grade in one of those courses isnt necessary for earning your degree or getting into  graduate school. 2. You want to take a risk. Pass/fail courses have no bearing on your GPA - what class might you take if you didnt have to worry about it affecting your grades? Pass/fail can be a good opportunity to expand your horizons or take a class that will really challenge you. 3. You want to reduce your stress. Maintaining good grades takes a lot of hard work, and opting for a pass/fail course can relieve some of the pressure. Keep in mind your school will have deadlines by which you have to declare youre taking the course as pass/fail, so it might not be an option for avoiding a bad grade at the last minute. Your school also likely limits how many courses you can take pass/fail, so youll want to carefully plan how to take advantage of the opportunity. Other Things to Consider Make sure youre choosing pass/fail for the right reasons, not just because you want to take it easy. Youll still need to study, do the reading, complete the homework  and pass the exams. If you slack off, the fail will show up on your transcript, not to mention the possibility youll have to make up for the credits you didnt earn. Even if you withdraw  from the class to avoid failing it, that will also show up on your transcript (unless you get out of it during a drop period). Keep in mind you may not be able to enroll in  all as a pass/fail student, and before you commit to a grading system, you may want to discuss the choice with your academic advisor or a trusted mentor.

Homeland Security Department Plays Very Significant Role in Ensuring Research Paper

Homeland Security Department Plays Very Significant Role in Ensuring Security of the US - Research Paper Example The CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) is a federal intelligence agency heavily involved in homeland security since its establishment in the year 1947. The agency is involved in providing security intelligence on a national scale to USA’s senior policy makers and implementers. The agency’s director is nominated by the President on the consent and advice of the state senate. The appointed director oversees the agency’s budget, personnel and operations. At present, the number of people working in CIA cannot be disclosed publicly either is its budget. The agency’s budget and the number of employees are known and scrutinized only by the Budget management office and the Senate Intelligence committee. The agency has a number of responsibilities in the homeland security setup: Its most basic mission is to gather, analyse, conduct evaluation, and disseminate intelligence deemed foreign with the aim of assisting the country’s President and high-level policy-m akers in the government in formulating strategic decisions that are related to the overall security of the country (Gurr et al, 2009). This complex process integrates a number of steps. Identification of a national security problem, the collection of information, assessing present and perceived future situations based on the collected information, are definitely some of these steps (Douglas and Olshaker, 1999). The agency analysts only report the collected information and are not in any way mandated to make any policy recommendations (Sauter & Carafano, 2005). Making policy recommendations is left to other related agencies such as the Defense Department and the State Department. The CIA is also not involved in law enforcement that is done by the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigations) (Douglas and Olshaker, 1999). The agency can also be engaged in actions deemed covert based on the President’s orders in line with the applicable law(s). CIA’s role in Homeland security is widely important. Its association  with Homeland Security is generally based on the agency’s four components/departments that work together in the processes of collecting information, analyzing the collected information, and disseminating it to senior officials in government